the complete guide in knitting from beginner to expert

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the complete guide in knitting from beginner to expert

The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. In a logical, clear presentation, the reference outlines step-by-step direction of the procedures needed to stabilize the equine patient. Color illustrations enhance the written text. The text is updated throughout and includes a number of new chapters and illustrations, as well as aesthetic changes that make key information easier to locate. Authored by experts in the field, this one-of-a-kind manual presents data on principles and procedures, organ system examination, neonatology, shock and temperature related problems, interpretation of lab tests, pharmacology and toxicology, and management of special problems. Presents the medical and surgical principles and procedures for all organs and body systems, including common signs of distress. Includes nutritional guidelines for each disease. Easy-to-use format includes a quick reference guide to the equipment needed to perform emergency procedures, treatments presented in at-a-glance outline format, and easy-to-read tables that summarize key information on poisons. Describes laboratory tests, including details on how to obtain the best samples and interpret test results. Offers coverage of not only common medical emergencies, but uncommon emergencies as well. Features useful appendices on normal clinical values, vaccination schedules, product manufacturers, and registry information for various breeds. Presents more than 100 new illustrations and 24 new color plates of GI disorders and toxic plants. Features updated and expanded drug information, including dosages and drug reactions.Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Dr. Orsini teaches in multiple disciplines, including both basic and clinical courses throughout the professional curriculum. In addition, he has authored several hundred papers, book chapters, abstracts and proceedings. Dr.

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Divers is a diplomate of both the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. His equine interest are in any medical diseases of the horse and research projects have centered around neurologic and liver diseases of horses, critical care medicine, in addition to several infectious diseases.Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Videos Help others learn more about this product by uploading a video. Upload video To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzes reviews to verify trustworthiness. The 13-digit and 10-digit formats both work. Please try again.Please try again.Please try again. Used: GoodAuthored by experts, this up-to-date resource contains color illustrations and provides a section of useful charts and tables. Chapters are organized in 6 sections: emergency medical and surgical principles and procedures; organ system examination, neonatology, shock and temperature-related problems; interpretation of laboratory tests; pharmacology and toxicology; management of special problems; and charts and tables. An emergency index and handy tabs indicating the sections make this a quick and easy-to-use reference. Spanish version also available, ISBN: 84-8174-434-4 Then you can start reading Kindle books on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required. Dr. Orsini teaches in multiple disciplines, including both basic and clinical courses throughout the professional curriculum. Portable for use in the clinic or in the field and presented for the first time in full color, its your one-source guide for complete equine emergency support. Unique focus provides your only single-source guide devoted to equine emergency management.

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Bulleted format makes information easily retrievable, presenting detailed procedures in concise, step-by-step outlines. 12 new chapters help you ensure biosecurity and treat a variety of increasingly common emergency conditions, including diarrheal, infectious, and zoonotic diseases. Revised Organ Systems section presents content in a more user-friendly, timesaving format. What to Do and What Not to Do headings identify proper care techniques and alert you to steps you should avoid. Updated drug dosage table improves treatment with accurate dosage information for many recently approved drugs. Full-color design distinguishes specific features within the text for quick reference in critical situations. It is essential to differentiate ELD from more common causes of respiratory distress based on a history, full clinical examination and ancillary diagnostic tests. Ancillary diagnostic tests should include arterial blood gas analysis, a complete blood count, serum biochemistry, blood culture, thoracic radiography, thoracic ultrasound, airway endoscopy and a transtracheal wash submitted for cytology and culture... In addition to clinical signs, the results of a blood gas analysis should guide the oxygen supplementation and, if hypoxaemia is present, nasal oxygen insufflation should be continued in order to maintain a PaO 2 of 60 mmHg or better (Palmer 2005;Carr 2007). In the case of an upper airway obstruction, an emergency tracheotomy is indicated to ensure a patent airway and enable assisted ventilation if required (Lavoie and Divers 2008). Moreover, additional therapeutic interventions are based on the results of ancillary diagnostic tests, and include among others bronchodilators, antioxidants, fluids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, surfactant and antimicrobial treatment (Lavoie and Divers 2008).. Equine laryngeal dysplasia as a cause of acute respiratory distress in a neonatal foal Article Sep 2015 Milja J Greene M.

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Hewetson Equine laryngeal dysplasia (ELD) is a congenital disorder caused by hypoplasia or aplasia of the structures derived from the fourth and possibly sixth branchial arches. The severity of the clinical signs varies widely, and depends on which structures are involved and the extent of the defect. In most cases, affected horses present with abnormal respiratory noise during exercise and poor performance. Manifestation of the disease in foals is very rare. This case report describes an unusual presentation of ELD in a neonatal foal. The foal presented with severe respiratory distress and weakness. Equine laryngeal dysplasia was suspected on endoscopy and later confirmed on post mortem examination of the larynx. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing ELD as a cause of respiratory distress in a neonatal foal. View Show abstract. Corticoids may be useful to treat inflammation, but caution is indicated if active viral infection is suspected. SA blocks are characterized by pauses of less than, or equal, to two P-P intervals, whereas sinus arrest is present if SA activity ceases for longer than two P-P intervals... These rhythms are normal manifestations of high vagal tone and disappear with exercise or the administration of a vagolytic drug or sympathomimetic drugs, for example, atropine or glycopyrrolate. Although rest examination is critical to diagnose many clinical problems, exercise tests can help assess dynamic cardiac problems. Exercise testing can be conducted in a treadmill laboratory or in the field. There are advantages and disadvantages for both types of exercise test. However, both protocols might be difficult to implement, and their availability can be limited. This study is focused on evaluating a protocol for standardized lungeing exercise test which was included in the protocol for cardiac examination, used to evaluate cardiac arrhythmias.

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Lungeing usually is part of most horse’s training, and they can be walked, trotted, and galloped, and induce high levels of exertion, so performing it as an exercise test doesn’t need sophisticated instruments nor specialized people, allowing it to be implemented with less limitations, as long as an arena and the wireless ECG recording equipment (telemetry or Holter monitor) are available. Therefore, this study includes a sample of 10 diverse cases of clinically apparent healthy horses and horses with cardiac disease, in which a standardized lungeing exercise test was performed as part of a protocol for cardiac examination. The protocol for standardized lungeing test consisted of 5 minutes walking, 10 minutes trotting, 4 minutes galloping, 1 minute fast galloping, and 5 minutes walking. The differential diagnoses for hepatic disease in horses also include viral infections such as equine infectious anaemia (EIA), equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1), equine viral arteritis (EVA), Theiler's disease, and equine hepacivirus (initially known as nonprimate hepacivirus (npHV)) infection (Cavalleri and Feige 2016, Ramsay et al. 2015, Brehm et al. 2017). Theiler's disease had long been associated with the administration of equine blood products 4 to 10 weeks prior to clinical disease, but an identical clinical presentation has been observed in horses without a history of blood product administration (Orsini and Divers 2014). It has recently been associated with a viral agent of the Pegivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family, capable of causing acute necrotising hepatitis and hepatic failure (Cavalleri and Feige 2016, Orsini and Divers 2014, Chandriani et al. 2013)... Theiler's disease had long been associated with the administration of equine blood products 4 to 10 weeks prior to clinical disease, but an identical clinical presentation has been observed in horses without a history of blood product administration (Orsini and Divers 2014).

Despite the recent association of these viruses with the occurrence of Theiler's disease, diagnostic tests for these infections are not readily available in diagnostic centres and were therefore not performed in this case.. Liver disease associated with leptospirosis in a mare Article Nov 2018 PFERDEHEILKUNDE J. Born Carsten Rohde P. Wohlsein Carlos Eduardo Medina-Torres A nine-year-old Trakehner mare was presented as an emergency due to colic, and with a history of intermittent fever and poor performance. A questionable titre for Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava (L. Bratislava) and Pomona and a negative titre for Babesia caballi were documented. Clinical examination revealed tachycardia, pyrexia, delayed capillary refilling time, reduced gastrointestinal borborygmi, copious reflux upon nasogastric intubation, and no abnormalities upon per-redum abdominal palpation. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography revealed congestion of the biliary tree with thickening of the ductal walls, and distention and amotility of the duodenum. Severe neutrophilic leucocytosis, liver enzyme elevation, increased bile acids, hypertriglyceridaemia, total hyperbillirubinaemia, hyperproteinaemia and hyperglycemia were present. A positive titre for L. Bratislava and Australis, and a negative titre for L. Pomona were identified. Intravenous fluid therapy was initiated and the volume of nasogastric reflux gradually declined overnight; no further colic signs were observed. A liver biopsy was obtained and histological findings included severe hepatic fibrosis with bile duct proliferation and cholestasis, multifocal mild neutrophilic hepatitis, and hepatosis with glycogen storage. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were negative. Repeated blood analysis after one week demonstrated an increase in antibody titres against L. Bratislava and further increase in gamma-glutamyltranferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase.

A presumptive diagnosis of liver disease associated with leptospirosis was made and therapy with procaine penicillin initiated. The mare remained clinically stable and was discharged with instructions to continue therapy for an additional 2 weeks. Six weeks after discharge the mare had remained clinically stable and all but one liver parameter had normalised. The antibody titre against L. Bratislava had declined to undetectable levels. Six months after discharge a complete recovery with return to previous performance levels was reported. Though extensively described in various other animal species, as well as in humans, the association between liver disease and leptospirosis in horses is poorly characterised. Despite the lack of a strong association between liver damage with Leptospira spp.This case report describes the history, clinical presentation, diagnostic test results and response to treatment that support a diagnosis of Leptospira-induced hepatopathy in a mare. Normalmente es de color amarillo palido sumamente viscoso, es muy similar al plasma sanguineo excepto que contiene menos proteinas. STICK, 2012; ORSINI; DIVERS, 2014).Due to the limitations in the evaluation of acute abdomen in foals by means of transrectal palpation, transabdominal ultrasound evaluation has been a valuable resource for the evaluation of these animals(LIN et al., 2008;WEESE, 2008).During ultrasound evaluation of horses with gastrointestinal disorders, echogenicity, wall thickness, content, and motility are evaluated. It provides usefull information to determine the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and monitoring of treatment response (ABRAHAM et al., 2014)... STICK, 2012;ORSINI; DIVERS, 2014).Due to the limitations in the evaluation of acute abdomen in foals by means of transrectal palpation, transabdominal ultrasound evaluation has been a valuable resource for the evaluation of these animals(LIN et al., 2008;WEESE, 2008).

During ultrasound evaluation of horses with gastrointestinal disorders, echogenicity, wall thickness, content, and motility are evaluated. It provides usefull information to determine the diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and monitoring of treatment response (ABRAHAM et al., 2014).. Intussuscepcao jejunojejunal em potro: relato de caso Article Full-text available Feb 2017 Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci MARIA AUGUSTA BERLINGIERI As intussuscepcoes sao acidentes intestinais incomuns e que podem resultar em desconforto abdominal agudo e progressivo ou recorrente em potros. Esta condicao afeta potros neonatos de forma assintomatica e de 3 a 12 meses sao emergencias cirurgicas quando envolvem o intestino delgado, principalmente o jejuno. A avaliacao ultrassonografica transabdominal e uma importante ferramenta para esses animais devido as limitacoes de seu tamanho para avaliacoes do abdomen agudo. O presente relato de caso mostra a importancia da utilizacao do ultrassom transabdominal em potros com abdomen agudo.Unitermos: potros; intussuscepcao; ultrassonografia View Show abstract. The evolution of the anaphylactoid symptoms in all of the tried horses was consistent with a severe hypersensitivity reaction in the gelding (without reaching shock parameters) and moderate reaction in the mare, which showed only signs of circulatory hypotension. The vascular and hemodynamic changes that occurred during reaction in the gelding resulted in a mural edema of various intestinal segments, in addition to ileus, with signs of abdominal discomfort.. Anaphylactoid reaction caused by sodium ceftriaxone in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi Article Full-text available Aug 2015 BMC Vet Res Roberta Carvalho Basile Gabriela Gomes Rivera Lara Antoniassi Antonio Queiroz-Neto Lyme borreliosis is a disease transmitted by ticks to mammals, especially in horses and humans.

Caused by a spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, it can result in lameness, arthritis, carditis, dermatitis and neurological signs. Anaphylactoid reactions are severe responses caused by direct action of substances (drugs, toxins), which can pose risks to life. Still poorly documented in horses, these reactions are caused by the effects of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, kinins and arachidonic acid metabolites. The last two are the most clinically relevant for the species. Case presentation. The simultaneous occurrence of anaphylactoid reaction in two horses experimentally infected by Borrelia burgdorferi undergoing intravenous treatment with ceftriaxone sodium is reported. It was administered 4.7 ? 10 8 spirochetes intradermal and subcutaneous applications in both horses to evaluate clinical aspects of the Lyme disease, 95 days before the application of sodium ceftriaxone. During the administration, one horse (a gelding) showed immediate and severe anaphylactoid symptoms such as urticaria, dyspnea, tachycardia, and eyelid edema, which were controlled by injecting dexamethasone. After 1 day, it expressed signs of abdominal discomfort, caused by severe bloat, which was treated surgically via celiotomy. Subsequently, this gelding had piroplasmosis and severe anemia, requiring treatment with an antimicrobial and blood transfusion. Second horse (a mare) showed signs of hypotension during the application of the antibiotic, which disappeared only when the application was interrupted. Days after the event, the mare developed moderate large colon bloat, which was treated with medication only. Subsequently the mare was evolved into the prodromal phase of laminitis in one of the forelimbs, which was treated for 10 days with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and rheology modifying drugs and cryotherapy.

From the two cases presented here, it does appear that sodium ceftriaxone can induce anaphylactoid reactions in horses infected by Borrelia burgdorferi, which may evolve into colic syndrome, laminitis and the occurrence of opportunistic infections. However, further evidence should be collected in order to draw definite conclusions. Mare owners should be advised to keep the mare walking till the arrival of the obstetrician to reduce straining. Placing a nasogastric tube in the trachea so that glottis cannot close, or pulling out the tongue reduces the ability of mare to generate an abdominal press (Orsini and Divers, 1998). Dystocia in the mare is a rare event but a true emergency when it occurs. Because of the long extremities and the strong contractions that occur during parturition malposture of a long fetal extremity or head deviation is the commonest cause of dystocia in the broodmares. Although many other fetal causes of dystocia have been described they appear to be much less frequent. Maternal causes like uterine torsion, uterine inertia and conditions causing constriction of the birth canal are infrequent in the mare. The approaches to handle dystocia in the mare described recently include assisted vaginal delivery, controlled vaginal delivery, fetotomy and cesarean section but dystocia handling for complicated cases in the mare requires specialist hospital facilities and a team of experts. The preparation of mares for normal foaling, various intra-partum conditions, short and long term anesthesia, the various causes of dystocia and their handling are described. Improperly performed phlebotomy can result in hematoma formation, accidental intra-carotid injection, thrombosis, or septic thrombophlebitis. 5 Mistakes during IM injection can lead to increased muscle soreness, abscess formation, necrotic myositis, or potentially fatal reactions if drugs are inadvertently delivered into a vessel. 5 Several models have been created for teaching these procedures...

5 Mistakes during IM injection can lead to increased muscle soreness, abscess formation, necrotic myositis, or potentially fatal reactions if drugs are inadvertently delivered into a vessel. 5 Several models have been created for teaching these procedures. Educators have developed and evaluated an equine jugular injection model consisting of a life-sized polyurethane foam head and neck, left-sided jugular vein with pressure provided by a water pump, and simulated blood.. Development and Validation of a Model for Training Equine Phlebotomy and Intramuscular Injection Skills Article Full-text available Apr 2016 J VET MED EDUC Julie Hunt John Dascanio Undine Christmann Lydia Titus Simulation in veterinary education offers a solution for bridging the gap between observation and performance of clinical skills. An equine neck model was created that allows repetitive practice of jugular phlebotomy, intramuscular injection, and intravenous catheterization. The aim of this study was to validate the model for jugular phlebotomy and intramuscular injection. We surveyed experienced veterinarians on the model's realism and the comprehensiveness of its features. Students reported in a post-lab survey that they felt models were as helpful as cadavers for learning the procedures. These results support the use of the model as a component of first-year veterinary student curriculum. Apresentam importancia para o diagnostico de afeccoes do trato respiratorio em equinos, sendo que fornecem amostras representativas de diferentes regioes anatomicas do aparelho respiratorio e por isso indicados a serem realizados concomitantemente para diagnostico mais preciso..

Resultados Do Uso Associado Dos Lavados Traqueal E Broncoalveolar No Diagnostico Das Doencas Respiratorias Dos Cavalos Article Full-text available Oct 2013 Bruna Dzyekanski Sandra Regina Pepicelli de Almeida Daniel Carlos Coati ROCHA Jose Ademar Villanova Junior As afeccoes do trato respiratorio inferior constituem a segunda maior causa de atendimentos na clinica dos equinos, sendo a tosse uma manifestacao comum. O presente estudo teve como objetivo mostrar a importancia do uso concomitante dos lavados traqueal (LT) e broncoalveolar (LBA) na avaliacao de cinco cavalos apresentando tosse espontanea, como auxilio para diagnostico preciso, importante para a determinacao do tratamento mais adequado. Cinco cavalos, entre quatro e dezesseis anos de idade, de diferentes racas e atividades, foram avaliados por meio de exame fisico, endoscopico e avaliacao citologica de LT e LBA. No LT, 80 dos cavalos avaliados apresentaram processo inflamatorio, resultado que aumentou para 100 no LBA. Adicionalmente, a avaliacao citologica do LBA auxiliou na diferenciacao diagnostica entre doenca inflamatoria (DIVA) e obstrucao recorrente (ORVA), das vias aereas. A utilizacao associada do LT e do LBA fortaleceu o diagnostico das doencas inflamatorias das vias aereas dos cavalos. Sugere-se a avaliacao completa dos cavalos com doencas das vias aereas, por meio de exame fisico e associacao das tecnicas citologicas com o LT e LBA. An electromyographic study showed spontaneous continuous muscle fiber activity with high?frequency discharges, fibrillations, positive sharp waves, fasciculation potentials, and complex repetitive discharges. Histological examination of the gluteal muscle showed a mixed neurogenic and myopathic pattern. The findings are consistent with neuromyotonia. A presenca de feridas requer tambem a execucao das medidas antitetanicas.

O periodo de incubacao do tetano e de 10 a 21 dias e sua manifestacao clinica e severa, com alto indice de mortalidade (DIVERS; DE LAHUNTA, 2008). Sendo assim, os animais nao vacinados ou com historico de vacinacao incerto devem receber a vacina (. Manejo e Transporte de Equinos Fraturados Article Full-text available Jul 2013 Gustavo Rosa Antonio Cezar de Oliveira Dearo The emergency care and transportation of fractured equine patients to trained veterinary hospitals are fundamental procedures for the success of its recovery. After the stabilization procedures, wound management and, if possible, radiographic evaluation on the patient, external immobilization of the fracture is performed depending on the place where the fracture is located, in order to better neutralize the acting forces. Skull fractures may cause neurological and ocular disorders, both temporary or permanent, and frequently affect nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, leading to respiratory problems. The transportation of fractured patients must be carried out in the safest way as possible, in order to avoid further complication to the patient’s condition. Thus, greater recovery possibility and better prognosis for these animals are obtained. Forty one adult, pregnant mares and their respective offspring on the day of delivery were analyzed, totaling 82 animals. Two samples of blood were collected from the mares, seven days before and on the day of delivery. From the foals, blood collection was performed on the day of their birth about 12 h after colostrum ingestion. The samples were centrifuged and the serum stored at-20 ?C for analyses. Each sample was used to determine the serum concentrations proteins, metabolites, minerals and enzymes. Physiological changes caused by peripartum led to higher serum total protein, albumin, and globulins on the day of delivery. In foals, there was no influence of sex in the serum biochemical profile.

Results showed variations in serum biochemistry in peripartum mares and neonates, as well as in the comparison between foals and mares on the day of delivery. All rights reserved. A Aloe vera e uma planta conhecida popularmente como Babosa por sua caracteristica gelatinosa (baba), e utilizada pelo homem ha mais de 5.500 anos como planta medicinal, conforme registros em papiros egipcios datados de 3.500 anos antes de Cristo. Babosa (Aloe vera) pode ser utilizada topicamente para o tratamento de lesoes de pele por apresentar propriedades farmacologicas anti-inflamatorias e cicatrizante, devido aos seus componentes principalmente os mucilaginosos, atividade antiprostaglandinas e antitromboxanas (Freitas et al 2014; Orsini 2014). Pode favorecer o aumento da permeabilidade vascular e prevenir isquemia da pele.. Tratamentos alternativos para feridas cutaneas em equinos Article Jul 2020 Jessica Silva De ALENCAR Natalia Rayz Cerqueira De CONTO Alessandra Dos Santos Belo REIS View. The epidemiology of the disease in Malaysia has not been thoroughly investigated. The objectives of this study were to: identify the etiology of EP in Kelantan; determine the prevalence and risk factors; compare the effectiveness of laboratory tests for detecting the disease; identify ticks species on the equids; determine the clinicopathological parameters and antibody titers in equids with a clinical and subclinical form; and investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic of the piroplasms from equids and ticks. From September 2013 to March 2014, 53 stables were conveniently selected in eight regions in Kelantan. A total of 306 equids were randomly selected from the stables. Blood, serum and ticks were collected from the equids. Blood smear was stained with Giemsa and examined for T. equi and B. caballi microscopically. Blood was subjected for multiplex PCR to detect T. equi and B. caballi DNA. Blood were also subjected for hematology.

Serum was subjected for cELISA to detect antibodies against the protozoa, and also for serum biochemistry. Ticks were identified using taxonomic keys. Epidemiological data were collected through interviews with the stables owners. The 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi extracted from blood and ticks were analyzed for genetic diversity and phylogenetic tree using online NCBI BLAST, ClustalX (NCBI) and Neighbor-joining (NJ) programs. Various shapes, sizes, stages and parasitemia level of T. equi and B. caballi were seen in the blood smears. The overall prevalence of EP was 32.02, 80.06 and 35.62 using microscopic examination, cELISA and multiplex PCR respectively. The risk factors that were important and significantly associated with higher prevalence of EP in Kelantan include imported equids, presence of ticks on equids and nearby animals and presence of other animals near or in the stable. Six species of Ixodid ticks that are important in spreading EP were identified: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, Rh. (Boophilus) annulatus, Rh. bursa, Rh. sanguineus, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Dermacentor marginatus. High level of genetic diversity was detected within 18S rRNA gene of T. equi and B. caballi from equids and Ixodid ticks. In conclusion, EP is endemic in Kelantan and several risk factors and species of ticks important in spreading the protozoa were identified. Tick control program should be conducted in order to prevent the transmission of EP. Todos os animais possuiam o habito de aerofagia. A presenca de refluxo enterogastrico e intestino delgado distendido a palpacao transretal foi variavel na dependencia do segmento intestinal aprisionado. A laparotomia exploratoria constataram-se: dois casos de aprisionamento jejunoileal; um de jejuno; e o outro de ileo. Todos os animais apresentaram EFE da esquerda para a direita, representando o sentido horario.